ASN Vocabulary
From JES & Co. Standards
[edit] Key Information
[edit] Abstract
The Achievement Standards Network Core RDF namespace provides URIs for vocabulary terms useful in RDFa markup and in development of application profiles in the manner defined by Dublin Core. Custom ASN application profiles for competency frameworks that meet particular national or project needs can be designed using: (1) properties and classes from the ASN Core namespace, (2) locally defined sub-classes and sub-properties of the ASN terms; and (3) other RDF schemas and ontologies useful in the context of the application profile.
ASN vocabulary terms are declared using RDF Schema language to support RDF applications.
[edit] Background
The ASN Core vocabulary has been under continuous development and management since 2000.
[edit] Namespace
http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/
[edit] Date Created
2004-04-29
[edit] Date Last Modified
2012-11-29
[edit] Status of ASN
Recommended
[edit] Namespace Development
[edit] Policy
The ASN Policy document describes how changes are made to the ASN vocabulary.
[edit] History
The ASN Vocabulary History document lists historical details about the changes made to the ASN Vocabulary.
[edit] Terms Under Devlopment
[edit] Known Application Profiles
The following custom ASN application profiles have been created using ASN and other RDF schemas and ontologies including: Dublin Core, FOAF, and SKOS.
[edit] ASN:US
JES & Co. maintains the ASN:US Application Profile and the ASN:US dataset. As of November 2012, ASN:US is the largest collection of ASN data with close to 5 million triples.
ASN:US offers the following services:
- A repository of academic standards each with its own Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).
- A resolution service that resolves the URI's into machine readable text.
- Viewers and web services to access the standards.
- An input tool, enabling direct input of standards documents into the repository.
- A SPARQL endpoint.
[edit] ASN:AU
On behalf of the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA), Education Services Australia publishes a machine readable version of the Australian Curriculum (ASN:AU).
ASN:AU has been expanded to make use of Australia-specific controlled vocabularies (including the Schools Online Thesaurus, and the Australian School Level vocabulary.
ASN:AU offers the following services:
- A human-readable statement code; e.g. ACELA1460. This is the code we expect people to use to refer to content descriptions.
- Versioned statement URI that allows resources and statements to be associated with specific versions of the Australian Curriculum and to remain valid through future updates.
- Machine readable version-less statement URI's that contain no date/version information and automatically redirects to the latest version of the statement available.
- A URL based on the statement code also redirects to the latest version of the statement available.
- A SPARQL endpoint
[edit] Conceptual Model
- The ASN Conceptual Model is framed in terms of two entities:
- The standards document representing the promulgated standard as a whole; and
- The statement representing an individual achievement assertion in the standards document. The standards document is comprised of a set of related statements.
- All standards documents and statements conforming to the ASN Conceptual Model are identified by globally unique identifiers in the form of URI that are dereferencable over the Web.
- A set of core properties define the relationships between the standards document and statements and between statement dyads. The relationships defined in the core are of two types:
- Structural relationships: Structural properties are responsible for replicating the necessary structural relationships between components of the standards document—e.g., structuring hierarchies of statements in the form of taxon paths and establishing the relationship between a standards document and its set of component statements.
- Semantic relationships: Semantic properties define relationships of meaning between statements including assertions of equivalence or other forms of conceptual synergy of any useful sort. For example, the «crossSubectReference» property asserts that a statement in one standards document is related in an interdisciplinary manner to a statement in a second standards document.
- The statement entity is of two kinds—original and derived:
- Original statements: Statements in standards documents formally promulgated by a jurisdiction are called original statements in the ASN. Original statements are jurisdictionally binding.
- Derived statements: Third parties may create derived statements that refine original statements. Derived statements have no jurisdictional binding and are clearly identified as "derived." For example, a 3rd party may create in its own namespace a derived statement, or set of derived statements, that decompose an original statement into more granular derived statements to meet particular business needs. Conformant derived statements, like original statements, are identified by URI, are described using ASN statement properties (or property refinements (sub-properties) and utilize appropriate structural and relational properties associating them with original statements and other derived statements.
- The set of core ASN properties is extensible. The current set of properties will be extended to support additional structural and semantic relationships as they emerge in standards documentation and in use of standards data.
- At a minimum, dereferencing a standards document or original or derived statement URI must return the metadata describing the entity identified by the URI including any structural and semantic references to other ASN entities.
The following figure illustrates the entities and relationships in the ASN Conceptual Model.
[edit] ASN Term Declarations
[edit] Properties
The format and content of the ASN property tables are summarized below:
Property URI | A Uniform Resource Identifier used to identify the property. |
Label | A human-readable label assigned to the property (May be represented in different languages.) |
Defined By | An identifier of a namespace, pointer to a schema, or bibliographic reference for a document within which the property is defined. |
Source Definition | The definition of the property in the namespace in which the property was originated. (May be represented in different languages.) |
Source Comments | Comments on the property from the namespace in which the property originated. (May be represented in different languages.) |
Type of Term | The grammatical category of the term ("Property", "Class"). |
Refines | The described property semantically refines the referenced property. A refinement makes the meaning of the element narrower or more specific as defined in the DCMI Abstract Model (http://dublincore.org/documents/abstract-model/). It will share the meaning of the unrefined element but with a more restricted scope. |
Property Domain | The domain of the property being defined identifies the class(es) that may be acceptable instances of the subject of RDF statements for the property. |
Property Range | The range of the property being defined identifies the class(es) that may be acceptable instances of the object of RDF statements for the property. |
[edit] Align From
Property URI | |
Label | Align From |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | A standards document or statement from which the statement or document being described is aligned. |
Source Comments | An alignment is an assertion of some degree of eqiuvalency between the subject and the object of the assertion. |
Type of Term | |
Refines | -- |
Property Domain |
Document (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/StandardDocument) |
Property Range |
Document (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/StandardDocument) [Document-to-document] |
[edit] Align To
Property URI | |
Label | Align To |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | A standards document or statement to which the statement or document being described is aligned. |
Source Comments | An alignment is an assertion of some degree of equivalency between the subject and the object of the assertion. |
Type of Term | |
Refines | -- |
Property Domain |
Document (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/StandardDocument) |
Property Range |
Document (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/StandardDocument) [Document-to-document] |
[edit] Alternative Statement Notation
Property URI | |
Label | Alternative Statement Label |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | An alphanumeric notation or ID code identifying the statement in common use among end-users. |
Source Comments | Unlike Statement Notation, Alternative Statement Notation need not be an official identifier created by the promulgating agency. It must be an identifier in common use among end-users of the statement. Alternative Statement Notation should be seldom used and only with a clear demonstration of need (i.e., in common use). For example, in the Common Core State Standards (Math) in the U.S., the official Statement Notation of "CCSS.Math.Content.1.NBT.C.4" is abbreviated in common use by end-users to the unofficial Alternative Statement Notation of "1.NBT.4". |
Type of Term | |
Refines | |
Property Domain |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
Property Range | Undefined |
[edit] Assesses Competency
Property URI | |
Label | Assesses Competency |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | The competency that the learning resource being described assesses. |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Refines | http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo |
Property Domain |
Learning Resource (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/LearningResource) |
Property Range |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
[edit] Authority Status
Property URI | |
Label | Authority Status |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | The status of a standards statement denoting whether the statement owes its origin to the promulgating agency of the standards document of which the statement is a member (i.e., value "Original") or to some 3rd party (i.e., value "Derived"). |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Refines | -- |
Property Domain |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
Property Range |
[edit] Broad Alignment
Property URI | |
Label | Broad Alignment |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | The target competency covers all of the relevant concepts in the competency being described as well as relevant concepts not found in the competency being described. |
Source Comments |
(See Decision Questions) |
Type of Term | |
Property Domain |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
Property Range |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
[edit] Broad Correlation
Property URI | |
Label | Broad Correlation |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | The competency covers all of the relevant concepts in the learning resource being described as well as relevant concepts not found in the learning resource. |
Source Comments |
(See Decision Questions) |
Type of Term | |
Refines | http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo |
Property Domain |
Learning Resource (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/LearningResource) |
Property Range |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
[edit] Comment
Property URI | |
Label | Comment |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | Supplemental text provided by the promulgating body that clarifies the nature, scope or use of the statement being described. |
Source Comments | Use «comment» when the text provides useful context for the statement. |
Type of Term | |
Refines | -- |
Property Domain |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
Property Range | Undefined |
[edit] Comprised Of
Property URI | |
Label | Comprised Of |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | The resource being described includes, comprehends or encompass, in whole or in part, the meaning, nature or importance of the resource being referenced. |
Source Comments | Deliberately not defining domains and ranges for the property at this time. |
Type of Term | |
Refines | -- |
Property Domain | |
Property Range |
[edit] Concept Keyword
Property URI | |
Label | Concept Keyword |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | A word or phrase used by the promulgating agency to refine and differentiate individual statements contextually. |
Source Comments |
The «conceptKeyword» property is used in ASN-conforming data solely to denote the significant topicality of the achievement standard using free-text keywords and phrases derived and assigned by the indexer, e.g., "George Washington", "Ayers Rock", etc. «conceptKeyword» should be used judiciously and in moderation. «conceptKeyword» should be used only if an appropriate term does not exist in a controlled vocabulary. |
Type of Term | |
Refines | |
Property Domain |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
Property Range | unspecified |
[edit] Concept Term
Property URI | |
Label | Concept Term |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | A term drawn from a controlled vocabulary used by the promulgating agency to refine and differentiate individual statements contextually. |
Source Comments |
The «conceptTerm» property is used in ASN-conforming data solely to denote the topicality of the achievement standard—e.g., "Pythagorean Theorem", "Trigonometric functions", "Forces and energy", "Scientific method", "Oral history" etc. The value of the «conceptTerm» property must be drawn from a controlled vocabulary where concepts have all been assigned URI—e.g., terms drawn from the Australia Schools Online Thesaurus (ScOT). |
Type of Term | |
Refines | |
Property Domain |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
Property Range |
Jurisidiction-specific VES encoded in SKOS (e.g., ScOT SKOS encoding) |
[edit] Cross Subject Reference
Property URI | |
Label | Cross Subject Reference |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | An explicit reference by the promulgating agency establishing a relationship between the statement being described and a statement in a separate subject standards document (interdisciplinary statement reference). |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Refines | |
Property Domain |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
Property Range |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
[edit] Derived From
Property URI | |
Label | Derived From |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | The URI of a statement from which the statement being described has been derived. The «derivedFrom» property is used by 3rd parties only in derived statements and must appear in conjunction with a value of "Derived" in the statement's «authorityStatus» property. |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Refines | |
Property Domain |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
Property Range | Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
[edit] Exact Alignment
Property URI | |
Label | Exact Alignment |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | The relevant concepts in both competencies are coextensive. |
Source Comments |
(See Decision Questions) |
Type of Term | |
Property Domain |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
Property Range |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
[edit] Exact Correlation
Property URI | |
Label | Exact Correlation |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | The relevant concepts in the educational resource and the competency are coextensive. |
Source Comments |
(See Decision Questions) |
Type of Term | |
Refines | http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo |
Property Domain |
Learning Resource (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/LearningResource) |
Property Range |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
[edit] Export Version
Property URI | |
Label | Export Version |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | The URI of the ASN export version of the standards file. |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Refines | -- |
Property Domain | |
Property Range | Value URI from a controlled vocabulary is mandatory. Assigned by ASN |
[edit] File Created [Deprecated]
Property URI | |
Label | File Created |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | The specific date the ASN standards file was generated by the ASN repository. |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Refines | |
Property Domain | |
Property Range |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/W3CDTF (ISO 8601) |
[edit] Identifier
Property URI | |
Label | Identifier |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | An alternative URI by which the resource is identified. |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Refines | |
Property Domain |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
Property Range | Undefined |
[edit] Indexing Status
Property URI | |
Label | Indexing Status |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | The indexing status of statement denoting whether correlators should or should not assign the statement during correlation--Values="Yes"/"No". |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Refines | -- |
Property Domain |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
Property Range |
[edit] Jurisdiction
Property URI | |
Label | Jurisdiction |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | A legal, quasi-legal, organizational or institutional domain of the entity mandating the use of the achievement standard--e.g., California, Singapore, NCTM. |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Refines | -- |
Property Domain | |
Property Range |
Value URI from a controlled vocabulary is mandatory |
[edit] List ID
Property URI | |
Label | List ID |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | A set of one or more alphanumeric characters and/or symbols denoting the positioning of the statement being described in a sequential listing of statements. |
Source Comments | A list ID is transcribed exactly as found in the source competency framework--e.g., "A.", "b", "c)", "". |
Type of Term | |
Refines | |
Property Domain |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
Property Range |
[edit] Local Subject
Property URI | |
Label | Local Subject |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | The text string denoting the subject of the document as designated by the promulgating agency. |
Source Comment | The local subject may (or many not) be the same as the ASN subject. If the local subject and the ASN subject are the same, enter the local subject text string in the «localSubject» property as well as the ASN subject URI in the «subject» property. Language designation required. |
Type of Term | |
Refines | |
Property Domain |
Document (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/StandardDocument) |
Property Range | Unspecified |
[edit] Major Alignment
Property URI | |
Label | Major Alignment |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | Major overlap of relevant concepts between the two competencies. |
Source Comments |
(See Decision Questions) |
Type of Term | |
Property Domain |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
Property Range |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
[edit] Major Correlation
Property URI | |
Label | Major Correlation |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | Major overlap of relevant concepts between the learning resource being described and the competency statement. |
Source Comments |
(See Decision Questions) |
Type of Term | |
Refines | http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo |
Property Domain |
Learning Resource (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/LearningResource) |
Property Range |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
[edit] Minor Alignment
Property URI | |
Label | Minor Alignment |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | Minor overlap of relevant concepts between the two competencies. |
Source Comments |
(See Decision Questions) |
Type of Term | |
Property Domain |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
Property Range |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
[edit] Minor Correlation
Property URI | |
Label | Minor Correlation |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | Minor overlap of relevant concepts between the learning resource being described and the competency statement. |
Source Comments |
(See Decision Questions) |
Type of Term | |
Refines | http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo |
Property Domain |
Learning Resource (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/LearningResource) |
Property Range |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
[edit] Narrow Alignment
Property URI | |
Label | Narrow Alignment |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | The competency being described covers all of the relevant concepts in the target competency as well as relevant concepts not found in the target competency. |
Source Comments |
(See Decision Questions) |
Type of Term | |
Property Domain |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
Property Range |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
[edit] Narrow Correlation
Property URI | |
Label | Narrow Correlation |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | The learning resource being described covers all of the relevant concepts in the competency statement as well as relevant concepts not found in the competency. |
Source Comments |
(See Decision Questions) |
Type of Term | |
Refines | http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo |
Property Domain |
Learning Resource (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/LearningResource) |
Property Range |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
[edit] Prerequisite Alignment
Property URI | |
Label | Prerequisite Alignment |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | The competency being described is a prerequisite to the target competency. |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Property Domain |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
Property Range |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
[edit] Prerequisite Competency
Property URI | |
Label | Prerequisite Competency |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | A prerequisite competency for the learning resource being described. |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Refines | http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo |
Property Domain |
Learning Resource (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/LearningResource) |
Property Range |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
[edit] Publication Status
Property URI | |
Label | Publication Status |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | The publication status of the of the standards document--e.g., "Draft", "Published", "Deprecated". |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Refines | -- |
Property Domain | |
Property Range |
[edit] Repository Date
Property URI | |
Label | Repository Date |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | The date the standards document was added to the ASN repository. |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Refines | |
Property Domain | |
Property Range |
http://purl.org/dc/terms/W3CDTF (ISO 8601) |
[edit] Skill Embodied
Property URI | |
Label | Original Document |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | Cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills directly or indirectly embodied in the statement. |
Source Comments | For example, a term from Bloom's Taxonomy. |
Type of Term | |
Refines | -- |
Property Domain |
Document (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement); |
Property Range | Value URI required. |
[edit] Statement Label
Property URI | |
Label | Statement Label |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | The textual label identifying the class of the statement as designated by the promulgating body—e.g., "Standard," "Benchmark," "Strand," or "Topic." |
Source Comments | The «statementLabel» is a class and should not be confused with instances of the class. For example, where two statements in a standards document have been identified respectively by the promulgating agency as "Strand: Rennaisance" and "Strand: Social history", the «statementLabel» for both these statements is "Strand". |
Type of Term | |
Refines | -- |
Property Domain |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
Property Range | Undefined |
[edit] Statement Notation
Property URI | |
Label | Statement Notation |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | An alphanumeric notation or ID code as defined by the promulgating body to identify the statement. |
Source Comments | Statement notation should be used only for referents created by the promulgating body. For alternative statement notations in common use in the community of practice, but not endorsed by the promulgating body, alternative statement notation can be used sparingly on clear evidence of common use and need. |
Type of Term | |
Refines | |
Property Domain |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
Property Range | Undefined |
[edit] Teaches Competency
Property URI | |
Label | Teaches Competency |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | A competency that the learning resource being described teaches. |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Refines | http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo |
Property Domain |
Learning Resource (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/LearningResource) |
Property Range |
Statement (http://purl.org/ASN/schema/core/Statement) |
[edit] Classes
The format and content of the ASN class tables are summarized below:
Class URI | A Uniform Resource Identifier used to identify the class. |
Label | A human-readable label assigned to the class (May be represented in different languages.) |
Defined By | An identifier of a namespace, pointer to a schema, or bibliographic reference for a document within which the class is defined. |
Source Definition | The definition of the class in the namespace in which the class was originated. (May be represented in different languages.) |
Source Comments | Comments on the class from the namespace in which the property originated. (May be represented in different languages.) |
Type of Term | The grammatical category of the term ("Property", "Class"). |
Sub Class Of | Used to state that all the instances of one class are instances of another. |
[edit] Competency Map
Class URI | |
Label | Competency Map |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | A Competency Map can be viewed as an identified graph that aggregates two or more competency statements (asn:statement) and the relationships asserted among them. |
Source Comments | The competency statements can exist in one or more competency frameworks (asn:StandardDocument). |
Type of Term | |
Sub Class Of | -- |
[edit] Correlation Resource
Class URI | |
Label | Correlation Resource |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | The Correlation Resource is an entity intended to provide a rich description of a mapping (correlation) between a Learning Resource and a Statement when a binary assertion of a relationship is insufficient. |
Source Comments | A resource that describes the mapping between a Learning Resource and a node in a learning outcomes framework. |
Type of Term | |
Sub Class Of | -- |
[edit] Jurisdiction Encoding Schemes
Class URI | |
Label | Jurisdiction Encoding Schemes |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | Controlled vocabularies of terms denoting the juristiction or domain of the Standard Document. |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Sub Class Of | -- |
[edit] Learning Resource
Class URI | |
Label | Learning Resource |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | A resource that is used as part of an Educational Activity (e.g. a textbook) or that describes (e.g. a lesson plan) or records the Educational Activity (e.g. an audio- or video-recording of a lesson). |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Sub Class Of | -- |
[edit] Map
Class URI | |
Label | Map |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | A Map defines a relationship between two competency assertions (asn:Statement). |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Sub Class Of | -- |
[edit] Standard Document
Class URI | |
Label | Standard Document |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | A collection of Statements representing an expectation of what students should know, value, and be able to do at a target age or age range. |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Sub Class Of | -- |
[edit] Statement
Class URI | |
Label | Statement |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | An assertion representing an expectation of what students should know, value, and be able to do at a target age or age range. |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Sub Class Of | -- |
[edit] Status Encoding Schemes
Class URI | |
Label | Status Encoding Schemes |
Defined By | |
Source Definition | Controlled vocabularies of terms denoting the publication status of the Standard Document. |
Source Comments | -- |
Type of Term | |
Sub Class Of | -- |